基于非参数密度估计的不确定轨迹预测方法

随着大量移动设备的出现，准确和高效的轨迹预测有助于提高面向位置的应用和服务的质量和水平.针对现有方法对轨迹不确定性缺乏有效建模的问题，提出了基于非参数密度估计的不确定轨迹终点预测方法.在轨迹建模及模型训练阶段，利用非参数估计对起点与终点相同的轨迹构建基于密度分布的不确定轨迹模型；在轨迹预测阶段，将待预测轨迹视为轨迹数据流，并通过KS（Kolmogorov-Smirnov）检验方法与具有相同起点的不确定轨迹模型进行匹配，其中匹配程度最高的不确定轨迹即为预测轨迹.通过真实轨迹数据集上的实验表明，与现有各类主要轨迹预测方法相比，本方法在不同条件下的预测效率与准确性都有较明显优势.     

基于并行跟踪检测框架与深度学习的目标跟踪算法

在空地协同背景下，地面目标的移动导致其在无人机视角下外观会发生较大变化，传统算法很难满足此类场景的应用要求。针对这一问题，提出基于并行跟踪和检测（PTAD）框架与深度学习的目标检测与跟踪算法。首先，将基于卷积神经网络（CNN）的目标检测算法SSD作为PTAD的检测子处理关键帧获取目标信息并提供给跟踪子；其次，检测子与跟踪子并行处理图像帧并计算检测与跟踪结果框的重叠度及跟踪结果的置信度；最后，根据跟踪子与检测子的跟踪或检测状态来判断是否对跟踪子或检测子进行更新，并对图像帧中的目标进行实时跟踪。在无人机视角下的视频序列上开展实验研究和对比分析，结果表明所提算法的性能高于PTAD框架下最优算法，而且实时性提高了13%，验证了此算法的有效性。     

Fabrication and microwave absorption properties of magnetite nanoparticle–carbon nanotube–hollow carbon fiber composites

Absorbents with “tree-like” structures, which were composed of hollow porous carbon fibers (HPCFs) acting as “trunk” structures, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as “branch” structures and magnetite (Fe₃O₄) nanoparticles playing the role of “fruit” structures were prepared by chemical vapor deposition technique and chemical reaction. Microwave reflection loss, permittivity and permeability of Fe₃O₄–CNTs–HPCFs composites were investigated in the frequency range of 2–18 GHz. It was proven that prepared absorbents possessed the excellent electromagnetic wave absorbing performances. The bandwidth with a reflection loss less than −15 dB covers a wide frequency range from 10.2 to 18 GHz with the thickness of 1.5–3.0 mm, and the minimum reflection loss is −50.9 dB at 14.03 GHz with a 2.5 mm thick sample layer. Microwave absorbing mechanism of the Fe₃O₄–CNTs–HPCFs composites is concluded as dielectric polarization and the synergetic interactions exist between Fe₃O₄ and CNTs–HPCFs.     

Highly conductive multilayer-graphene paper as a flexible lightweight electromagnetic shield

A graphene-based porous paper made of multilayer graphene (MLG) microsheets is developed for application as a flexible electrically conducting shielding material at radio frequency. The production process is based on the thermal expansion of a graphite intercalated compound, the successive liquid-phase exfoliation of the resulting expanded graphite in a proper solvent, and finally the vacuum filtration of the MLG-suspension using a nanoporous alumina membrane. Enhancement of the electrical conductivity and electromagnetic shielding properties of the MLG paper is achieved by gentle annealing at 250 °C overnight, and by mechanical compression at 5 MPa. The obtained results show that the developed MLG papers are characterized by an electrical conductivity up to 1443.2 S/cm, porosity around 43%, high flexibility, shielding effectiveness up to 55 dB at 18 GHz with a thickness of 18 μm. Numerical simulations are performed in order to understand the main factors contributing to the shielding performance of the new material.     

一次野外重大活动饮食卫生保障的经验与借鉴

总结一次野外重大活动饮食卫生保障的针对性做法和经验，为以后遂行多样化任务提供参考。从食谱审查、从业人员卫生管理及培训、采购保管、加工制作、餐饮具消毒以及留样备检等环节严格把关，强化常态食品卫生监督；科学分析餐饮环节容易导致疫情传播的风险点，从人、物、环境和预案4个方面开展督导；针对野外食品加工及人员大规模长时间野外就餐，指导餐饮单元选址开设、做好环境卫生管理、保障加工用水及食材安全、保障运输前送环节的食品安全及人员就餐过程卫生、指导智能化餐厨设备使用。提高餐饮单位负责人及从业人员的食品安全意识；提高保障人员的卫生法律素质和专业技术能力，关注新的风险点。加强保障人员自身管理及从业人员的卫生管理，树立良好形象。     

浅谈武备系统可靠性工程

鉴于武备系统可靠性研究是一项复杂的系统工程,越来越受到各方面的重视.对武备系统的可靠性工程技术进行了较详细的讨论,包括系统可靠性预计、可靠性分配及可靠性故障分析,并对典型的可靠性模型进行了分析与计算,对武备系统的可靠性研究与发展具有一定的指导意义.     

铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头缺陷及焊件结构问题控制策略的研究进展

搅拌摩擦焊(Friction Stir Welding,FSW)是近些年发展起来的一种固态连接工艺,尤其适用于铝合金材料的焊接。概述了搅拌摩擦焊的局限性,主要包括接头处存在钥匙孔、焊缝减薄等缺陷及复杂结构铝合金难以焊接等问题。研究表明,通过工艺方法、流程及参量的优化能够对焊接接头缺陷和焊件结构问题进行有效控制。由此,归纳了铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头存在的关键问题及解决策略,分析了每种工艺方法的适用对象及条件,包括摩擦塞焊(Friction Plug Welding,FPW)、填充式搅拌摩擦焊(Filled Friction Stir Welding,FFSW)、回抽式FSW、静止轴肩搅拌摩擦焊(Stationary Shoulder Friction Stir Welded,SSFSW)、沉积式FSW、双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊(Bobbin Tool Friction Stir Welding,BT-FSW)和无倾角FSW。详细探讨了每种工艺的原理和机制,阐述了每种工艺的优缺点,重点介绍了工艺的参数优化调控、辅助设备的添加及工序的改进对修复接头组织与力学性能的影响。对铝合金搅拌摩擦焊的回顾总结,将为获得高质量搅拌摩擦焊接头,实现复杂结构件焊接提供参考依据。在此基础上,对铝合金搅拌摩擦焊现存问题及挑战的解决进行了展望。     

Phase evolution and thermal stability of novel high-entropy (Mo0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2V0.2W0.2)Si2 ceramics

Owing to the high melting points and high-temperature stability, transition-metal disilicides are potential components for aerospace, automotive, and industrial engineering applications. However, unwanted oxidation known as PEST oxidation severely limits their application owing to the formation of volatile transition metal oxides, especially in the temperature range of 500–1000 °C. To overcome this problem, a new class of high-entropy disilicides, (Mo_0.2Nb_0.2Ta_0.2V_0.2W_0.2)Si₂, was selected by first-principles calculations and then successfully fabricated using a hot-pressing sintering technique. Furthermore, the phase evolution, thermal expansion behavior, thermal conductivity, and oxidation behavior were systematically investigated. Compared with MoSi₂, (Mo_0.2Nb_0.2Ta_0.2V_0.2W_0.2)Si₂ possessed a lower thermal conductivity (10.9–14.7 W·m^?1·K^?1) at 25–1000 °C, higher thermal expansion coefficients (8.6 ± 1.3^–6 K^–1) at 50–1200 °C, and especially an excellent thermal stability at 500–1000 °C owing to slow diffusion and selective oxidation. This work provides a strong foundation for the synthesis and application of high-entropy disilicides.     

Highly ordered porous carbon/wax composites for effective electromagnetic attenuation and shielding

We have demonstrated a highly ordered porous carbon (HOPC) as an effective electromagnetic absorber. The unique porous structures allow HOPC to possess high surface area and establish effective three-dimensional (3D) conductive interconnections at very low filler loading, which is responsible for effective electrical loss in terms of dissipating the induced current in the corresponding wax composites. Owing to the 3D porous frame, the wax composites with 1 and 5 wt% HOPC have shown effective bandwidth ∼2 and ∼4.5 GHz, respectively, which is considerably competitive to the performance found in the carbon nanotube- (CNT) and graphene-based composites of much higher filler loadings. This concept based on porous absorbers demonstrates more advantages in the fabrication of lightweight microwave-absorbing materials. Furthermore, the composite with 20 wt% HOPC has exhibited highly effective electromagnetic shielding performance up to 50 dB, which competes well with what has already been achieved in the composites embedded with CNTs and graphene. The fundamental mechanism based on electrical conductivity and complex impedance suggests specific strategies in the achievement of high-performance composites for electromagnetic attenuation and shielding.